How did gender inequality start?

How did gender inequality start?

Paul Reuman

Sociology

Rasmussen College

Instructor Pamela Collins

August 6, 2010

 

 

How did gender inequality start? My opinion is that it started with modern organized religion, such as Christianity or the Islamic religions, before these religions were established many societies worshiped women as the bringers of life and joy to man. At some point in time, the status of women and man reversed; this did not happen overnight, in some societies, it never happened at all. The Hindu religion still worships several female deities. “In Rig Veda or Upanishad and particularly in Bhagwat Gita, the ideal of equality both social, economic and gender are fundamental. Following these classical texts of Hindu religion, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism subsequently have considered equality as the essential part of their religious doctrines. (Basu, 2007).

The Islam or Christians do not share this concept of equality with the Hindu religion,

Christian thinkers portrayed women as hindrances to men, who are vessels for evil and prevent man from working, studying and distract men from pursuing their relationship with God. early Christians went so far as to call women the door through which the devil enters and because women were not created by god but created from Adam’s rib women were inferior by virtue and this inferiority which makes Eve Adam’s temptress and leads to disaster (Emerson, 2006).

Thankfully western civilization has out grown these ancient concepts for the most part, and women play an equal roll in our society as do men, today we see examples of men staying at home taking care of the children while their wives go to work, today women hold high ranking jobs in corporate and government positions. Condoleezza Rice is an American professor, politician, diplomat and author. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton is the 67th United States Secretary of State, and ran for president. It is my opinion, the citizens of the United States of America, have reduced gender inequality to a tolerable level. There will always be some form of gender inequality, as long as there is organized religion, and people who blindly believe in antiquated ideals written down over two thousand years ago,

Christianity has made great strides to open there minds to new ideas, however women in the Middle East and North Africa are denied some of the most basic human rights we take for granted. For instance, Saudi Arabian women are not allowed to drive or ride bikes, and men are not allowed to drive women that are not close relatives. If no men are allowed to drive girls they are not closely related to, how to get 367,000 girls to school on buses that can only driven by men?

That seems to be a way to deny girls an education, unless their fathers want to drive them to school. Of course, the Saudi Arabians have come up with more extreme ways to deny girls educations.  In 2002 a school was on fire. Saudi Arabia’s religious police wouldn’t allow 15 girls to  leaving the building, and in some cases beat them to keep them from leaving, because the girls’ heads weren’t properly veiled. The girls all died in the fire (Listverse, 2008). What worse is there are still  ignorant Islamic traditionalists who have ascribed to religious beliefs and cultural traditions involving horrific forms of female genital mutilation (FGM, which they defend as a form of “female circumcision”) (Ahmad, 2000).

 

 

References

Ahmad, I.-A. (2000). Female genital mutilation: an islamic perspective. The mfi
pamphlet series. Retrieved from http://www.minaret.org/fgm-pamphlet.htm

Basu, D. (2007, February 22). Hinduism and the concept of equality. In
Hinduism and equality. Retrieved from Nagasaki University website:
http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_070222.htm,

Emerson, H. (2006, May 30). How christian theology in the patristic era
perpetuated gender inequality. Retrieved from Associated Content History
website: http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/778933/
how_christian_theology_in_the_patristic.html?cat=37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Space Program

Four More Missions and the Space Shuttle Is Dead!

How Will We Supply the International Space Station?

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on (month day, year) for

Dr. Cassandra Pauley ENC 1101 Composition course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

 

 

What is in the future for the space program?

            The year is 2010, the space shuttle has four more flights scheduled to help keep the International Space Station supplied, but what happens after that. Even though our space program is in shambles, they did call it the “International Space Station” for a reason, we are not the only ones maintaining it.

The Russian Soyuz program is dependable and being updated to continue a steady stream of fuel, food and other supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). The Chinese have an active program, so does Australia and the European Union. Even with the cancelation of the Shuttle program, our space program is not completely dead; we have the new Ares I-X rocket, which is a giant reusable solid rocket motor, with a payload capsule on top, however, without funding it may never get off the ground (Thompson & Moskowitz, 2010).

Some think we should concentrate on the problems we have on earth and forget about space, others argue without the discoveries we learn in space we cannot solve the problems on earth. For those who think exploring space is a waste of time and money, consider this, we would not have the World Wide Web, cell phones, satellite TV, GPS navigation in our cars or boats, we would not have accurate weather reports or news from around the world, our military could not coordinate effective ground operations or air strikes. We have to maintain the satellites that provide these services and information. We have no choice in the matter, manned and unmanned space flights are essential to our way of life.

We have come to a turning point. The programs we have now are simply too expensive, and we must explore other options. Privatizing space exploration is the most obvious solution, and many corporations are considering the possibilities, and the profits that can be made. The main problem is that launching payloads on rockets still costs approximately $100,000 per pound. Private companies could reduce that amount somewhat, but it is still too costly for major exploration.

GNU Free Documentation License enses/by-sa/3.0/

Rockets are old news. The hottest new inovation in space exploration is not a rocket at all. It is a 62,000-mile elevator ride on a tether that takes us all the way from Earth to orbit. As strange as that sounds, climb in, push the “Up” button, and off you go into outer space. The concept of the space elevator is not new, in 1895 when Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris and contemplated a tower that reached all the way into space, Arthur C Clark included the concept in a novel  he had written,  The Fountains of Paradise 1979 (Technovelgy, 2010).

This concept has four major parts. We need a satellite-counterweight in space, an anchoring point on the surface, a ribbon to attach them, and a vehicle to transport people and supplies up and down the ribbon. The amazing part is we can be build the elevator with current technology, there are still some hurdles to jump, the hardest, and being how to make a 62,000-mile tether, well there is an answer(Flight, 2006).

Carbon nanotube ribbons are just the kind of ultra-light, ultra-strong filaments needed to create the space elevator. These one-dimensional fibers exhibit electrical conductivity as high as copper, thermal conductivity as high as diamond, strength 100 times greater than steel at one sixth the weight, and high strain to failure ratio. Ten micrometers thick, two-inch wide ribbons can be produced today at about 7 meters per minute by hand. it would take less than a year to make a 75,000-meter ribbon. However, it would take about 1300 years to make a 62,000-mile ribbon by hand, but soon; machines will be able to create them much faster. Nanotube technology is already a booming industry and the technology is moving forward at Warp Speed. Nanotubes are being used in everything from super advanced micro electronics, nanotube tweezers,  light weight plastics and O-rings that conduct electricity, so within a few years , maybe less we will be able to develop methods to create the ribbons (Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc., 2010).

The next step is getting the ribbon from earth to outer space, this is actually the easy part, and is reversed, first we place a satellite containing the spool of ribbon in a geosynchronous orbit, (the satellite always orbits above one location on earth). Then build an ocean land based platform on the earth’s surface, to anchor the ribbon. Using an Existing oil rig would eliminate any cost for construction other than refitting it to receive the ribbon is one option.  Then lower the ribbon down to the platform, gravity will do all the work.

Now that we have established the technology exists for three of the four ingredients needed to build a space elevator, the final step is to develop vehicles to climb the ribbon. Competitions are already underway to solve this problem; this is where our imagination and ingenuity are going to play a major role in the entire project. Consider that many types of “Climbers”, will be needed and not everything we send up has to come back down. The simplest will be robot climbers that strengthen the ribbon, or carry additional ribbons up purely as a safety measures. Some may just contain cargo for building receiving docks, others may be “Space Tugs”, small ships that can detach from the ribbon to move cargo containers to stations built close to the counter weight. The most important will be the passenger cars (Boucher, 2009).

The small “Tug” ships require no fuel for launch so they can use simple thrusters to maneuver and move cargo carriers to space stations, satellites into higher orbits, or to OWL (Off counter Weight Location) sights as needed. Among the first vehicles to climb the ribbon will be the space janitors. Their purpose will be to collect orbiting debris and dead satellites. Even though the ribbon can be moved by adjusting the location of the counter weight, or the ocean based anchor platforms, it will be necessary to clean up the 6.5 million pounds of space junk orbiting our planet,  This will help reduce the chances of a possible catastrophic impact with the space ribbon (Edwards, 2007).

Most of the space debris will be either used for building materials for space stations, or returned to earth for recycling. Galactic Mining Industries has already started legal proceedings to claim this debris as salvaged material. Considering the debris is composed of precious metals and other exotic materials, 3250 tons of space debris represents a substantial monetary value. This give them a reason to be a major investor in the space elevator project.

Once we establish the first elevators there will be an exponential increase in space-based industries, with the cost reduced by 90% there will be very few limits as to what we can do next. One of the most obvious businesses will be space tourism, for not much more that a plane ticket from New York to California you will be able to see earth from orbit and experience the thrill of weightlessness. Not to mention it will bring in billions of dollars almost immediately (Westfall, 2010).

The greatest advantage is the Space Elevator is not only environmentally friendly its will be an environment rebuilder. We can stop mining the surface of our planet and start mining the hundreds of near earth asteroids. We can dispose of the hazards waist we have been collecting for years by sending it to the biggest waste dump in the solar system, “Our Sun”, also since the nanotube ribbons can be made to conduct electricity, ever elevator will has the potential to be a solar power plant, some may be strictly dedicated to producing electricity. We could potentially clean up the atmosphere by shipping our green house gasses to Mars simultaneously terraforming it for future colonies (Zubrin & McKay, 1993).

We cannot continue to use up the earth’s resource or burn fossil fuels to power our homes and cars, the space elevator is a inexpensive practical solution to almost all the problems we face today, so I encourage anyone who cares about our planet to support any government or private programs involved in the construction of the space elevator.

References

Thompson, A., & Moskowitz, C. (2010). News. In Space.com. Retrieved August,
2010, from TechMediaNetwork website: http://www.space.com/

Boucher, M. (2009). The space elevator reference. Retrieved from SpaceRef
Interactive Inc. website: http://www.spaceelevator.com/

Flight, G. (2006, March 17). The 62,000-Mile elevator ride. In CNN.com.
Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/
2006/03/01/8370588/index.htm

Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. (2010). The leader in nanotube
technology. In Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Retrieved August 23,
2010, from http://www.hyperioncatalysis.com/index.htm Christenson, B. (2010). Carbon Nanotube Ribbon for Space Elevator. In
Technovelgy. Retrieved from http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/
Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=438

Technovelgy. (2010). A continuous pseudo-one dimensional diamond crystal- maybe
a nanotube? In Technovelgy. Retrieved from http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/
content.asp?Bnum=699

Edwards, B. (2007, January 16). Space Elevator: Expert Q&A. In NOVA scienceNOW.
Retrieved from National Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
space/edwards-elevator.html

Westfall, R. M. (2010). Telepossession of extraterrestrial resources and
leveraged financing of outer space projects. In Galactic Mining Industries.
Retrieved from http://www.space-mining.com/

Zubrin, R. M., & McKay, C. P. (1993). Technological requirements for
terraforming Mars. Retrieved from Pioneer Astronautics, NASA Ames Research
Center website: http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/zubrin.htm

Avoiding Aggressive Nationalism, Ethnic Strife

Avoiding Aggressive Nationalism, Ethnic Strife

And Eliminating the Causes

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on August 22, 2010for

Pamela Collins G142/SYG1000 Section 25 Introduction to Sociology course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

If appointed to head the U.S. Civil Service Commission, I would have to make some incredibly harsh and unpopular decisions; my solution would be to eliminate the conflict all together. In times of piece, I would encourage harsher treatment for hate crimes and work with the attorney general’s office to make sure local law enforcement agencies were enforcing these laws, by punishing those that encourage Ethnic Strife more harshly.

At this point in history, aggressive nationalism, chauvinism, and a desire for ethnic cleansing in the U.S. is embraced by many citizens, during times of war these undesirable values tend to be seen as necessary to maintain the safety of our population (Napper, 2004). When you consider we are fighting two wars simultaneously, on American soil, the situation becomes much more complicated than just simple law enforcement or education. We cannot ignore the fact that we are at war, and unfortunately, race hatred and war go hand in hand, so in my opinion we have to eliminate the cause of the ethnic strife, not sugar coat it as being a social issue. The first war the needs to be addressed is of course the war on terrorism, it is not being fought only in the middle east, it has also infected our lands just like a viral infection, most of us don’t believe there are Islamic Terrorists training on US soil.

The group, Muslims of America, have established over 35 terrorist training compounds in our nation. This is about the spread of homegrown terrorists in our own backyard. The U.S. and many state constitutions protect these groups, however these constitutions do provide rules for enemy combatants and those involved in acts of war against our country. During these troubling time we should take full advantage of these provisions, Ethnic Strife is not an issue here, and we cannot afford to let our guard down in this case (Mawyer & Hannity, 2009). As head the U.S. Civil Service Commission, I would have to place the safety of the American people above all else, any person of Middle Eastern decent or of the Islamic or Muslim faith would need to be monitored for any possible ties to terrorist activity. Depending on the severity of their terrorist connection, they would be treated as enemy combatants and executed or tried in military court as war criminals, if they are suspected but a direct connection cannot be established, deport them back to the Middle East. The failure of local authorities to apprehend and deliver individuals indicted for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide to the International Criminal Tribunal “is a cause for continuing concern” (Napper, 2004).

If the war on terrorism is not enough, we are also being invaded by Mexico, at the rate of 1,500,000 illegal immigrants arrive every year. Some would say that Illegal immigration is not an issue about race, color, ethnicity, class, or nationality, since illegal aliens are of many races from many nations. I humbly disagree, if this were true then why is the Mexican border the only place we need to build a wall, I do not think we need a wall between Canada and the U.S. however we may need to increase Coast Guard patrols in the waters around Florida,

Ethnic strife related to illegal immigration is going to be almost impossible to reduce, without drastic measures, consider that most U.S. citizens realize that illegal immigrants are costing them billions of dollars each year and depriving them of services and jobs that otherwise would be available to them!

Crime is a serious issue, but only part of the many issues costing U.S. tax payers net losses of $70 billion to $326.7 billion per year; some estimates place losses much higher;

They put a burden on our education systems and healthcare systems, 70% of women giving birth during the first 3 months of year 2006 were illegal aliens, Border States are hardest hit, but it is happening in all 50 states in the U.S.!

Over 32% of illegal aliens receive welfare (often for their children born in U.S. hospitals at U.S. tax payers expense), Medicaid, Social Security, and Medicare systems are going broke because illegal aliens don’t pay taxes, and their greedy employers that don’t pay unemployment taxes, Social Security, or Medicare taxes.  The cost of Insurance goes up because illegal aliens cannot or refuse to pay for damages they cause (Illegal immigration, 2010).

Law enforcement costs California billions of dollars per year, having to maintain a border patrol system with increasing patrols as needed, 29% of state and federal prisoners (Sep-2004) are illegal aliens. The most obvious effect is on American workers, 1.5+ Million foreign workers a year take American jobs, when 11-to-25 Million Americans are unemployed, not including the tens of millions illegal foreign workers already in the U.S. and the millions coming to the U.S. illegally every year.  They even affect our voting systems; Most Americans want illegal immigration stopped now!

As the head of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, I would institute new laws to deal with illegal immigrants. First, I would secure the borders immediately, stop ignoring existing laws and begin to enforce the existing laws to prosecute illegal employers. Require employers to use the Social Security Verification System for hires (Illegal immigration, 2010).

Then pass a bill to provide a path to citizenship for immigrants that were brought into the U.S. illegally by their parent(s) as children and have lived their entire life in the U.S. but are no longer dependent on their parents. Require deportation of illegal entries and visa overstays currently within our jails and prisons. Pass an amendment to the Constitution to eliminate automatic citizenship for illegal alien births. Deny illegal aliens free k-12 education, college tuition, driver’s licenses, and public benefits (welfare, Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security, etc.), except Emergency healthcare. Verify voters and employees’ citizenship, before permission to vote or work. Provide pre-paid transportation to each illegal alien volunteering to leave the U.S.

Allow all illegal aliens to leave on their own, with their own property. Those wishing to immigrate back to the U.S. must get in line behind those already seeking to immigrate legally. (Illegal immigration, 2010).

I truly believe eliminating the cause of ethnic strife will be more effective than trying to control the effects of ethnic strife.

References

Illegal immigration. (2010). Illegal immigration. Retrieved from
http://one-simple-idea.com/BorderSecurity.htm#Introduction

Mawyer, M., & Hannity, S. (2009, March 14). 35 Islamic Terrorist Training Camps
in the U.S. . In Faultline USA . Retrieved from
http://faultlineusa.blogspot.com/2009/03/
video-35-islamic-terrorist-training.html

Napper, L. (2004, October 5). U.S. Department of State [OSCE Human Dimension
meeting in Warsaw]. Retrieved from Bureau of International Information
Programs website: http://belgrade.usembassy.gov/policy/regional/
041006b.html

How man Will Continue

How Will Man Continue to Exist

Terraforming the future of the human race

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on March 6, 2010

for Astronomy Course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

The Human race is going to have to take major steps towards the future if we are going to survive. Even though a completely terraformed Mars or Venus are well off into the future, the process could produce results within 50 years. It is a concept we will have to consider to maintain the existence of the human race; we cannot continue to use up the earth’s raw materials. We have to find other sources. New sciences will be developed that may help maintain a stable atmosphere here on earth. The experimentation of creating new atmospheres on other space bodies will play a major role in that type of technology. Also, a wealth of raw materials can be mined or collected and brought back to earth as the project moves forward, The advances in science may also reduce the time line of the project to just a few generations if not less.

Step one is transportation to the intended planet or moon, so logically our moon will be the starting point. However, the moon could never be truly terraformed, but domes or underground environments could be a practical solution. We can use the moon as a launch pad for outer planet exploration, with its lower gravity and no atmosphere launching spacecraft would be extremely economical compared to earth based launches.

There is still the problem of getting the raw materials to the moon. The moon can supply many of the materials we need, but we have to get there with massive amounts of equipment and building materials first before we can start to mine and build settlements to support the launch pads. The moon, at first, may not play a significant role in terraforming except for mining raw materials; however, it will be the main launch point for such operations. If we are going to terraform Mars or Venus, we have to get off the earth first. Escaping earth’s gravity with rockets would be too costly and cannot carry the payloads needed. However, if we take advantage of the new technologies recently developed, rockets could be eliminated from the earth to space equation.

Many of these ideas and theories I’m about to propose fall into the realm of science fiction, although science fiction tends to turn into science fact at some point, So that being said we start at the beginning. This plan can have many variations, but I am going to propose one course of action as if it has already been decided it is the best way to accomplish our goals.

Scientist have been working on a new technology, known as the space elevators, it is the most efficient and practical method to send payloads into orbit, this idea is already in development, and within twenty years the first elevators can be completed and functioning. We are no longer in the realm of science fiction with this concept.

The space elevator is quite simple. First we will launch geosynchronous counter weight satellites that drop ribbons to anchoring stations on earth. Several satellites and anchors would circle the equator, the elevators consists of electric powered cars that climb or descend on the ribbon, the ribbon would have solar power arrays attached to provide power for the elevator, counter weight satellite and anchoring stations, the power needed to operate the elevators is negligible compared to what the solar panels will produce. The excess power would supplement, and can eventually replace earth-based power plants.

The counter weight will be the first building block of space stations that could one day encircle the entire globe. This massive space station will give us a place to work and experiment; ships could be built and launched either conventionally or on ribbons that extend further into space. This elevator system would make it possible to build very large ships because they will be built in zero gravity.  Their size would allow them to have large crews with a multitude of labs for research, perhaps eco domes for food production during long voyages, a ship built in zero gravity has no real limit on size, and they could be made large enough to house entire colonies.

We are now on our way, the tether or ribbon system can be used in many ways, on mars or our moon we can do the exact same thing as here on earth once a counter weight arrives and drops its anchor we no longer need to land ships on the surface. Because very little fuel is involved, and the supply ships are already in space, a trip to the moon may cost no more than a plane ticket, the trip to mars no more than a long cruise overseas(Boucher, 2009).

Now we get to terraforming. We cannot place an anchor on Venus considering the heat, pressure, and slow rotation, but it may be possible to use large high atmosphere balloons as anchors for the counterweight stations, then ships could harvest its atmosphere and transport it to mars, this is where time comes into play, we can build CO₂ factories on mars to get things started. The CO₂ on mars is trapped in the rocks on mars and can be extracted and released causing an artificial greenhouse effect, the left over minerals can be refined into useful products that can be transported back to Earth or used on mars for building materials (Zubrin & McKay, 1993).

We can supplement the green house warming by harvesting Venus’s atmosphere and dumping what is useful on mars to build the atmosphere. Remember the cost of space travel has been reduced to a point it is not a deterrent any more. A steady stream of unmanned or manned tankers between will travel between Venus and Mars, because of the travel time; we will have to have a large fleet of ships.

The thing to keep in mind here is we will be terraforming two planets at one time The atmosphere of Venus is dense with usable chemical compounds that have value other then terraforming, These chemicals would of course be bought and sold to earth bound companies to support the operation. Essentially we would be thinning Venus’s atmosphere while increasing the atmosphere on mars, during the endeavor we could also be harvesting other valuable minerals from our moon and the moons of mars not to mention the trillions of tons of iron and heavy metals in the asteroid belt.

In time, Venus will cool as we thin its atmosphere so heat can escape, it will also become less dense, and the pressure on the surface will become manageable. Eventually a temperate zone would form that follows the planets rotation. The day and night time temperature on Venus would probably be too extreme for many years to have stationary colonies, however mobile colonies could explore the surface on either side of the terminator between day and night. These colonies would have 3 months on each side of the planet to explore the zone while the sun sets or rises. We could move around the planet following the sunset and sunrise, staying in the habitable zone. The colonies would be the greatest nomads in the solar system, this is assuming that the 121 earth days of day and 121 earth days of night would heat or cool the surface enough to be habitable. It is possible the oceans and winds would promote a planet wide average temperature as it has now, that may eliminate the need for mobile colonies at some point. (Wayan, 2004).

The planet may reach a mean temperature that may make it like winter and summer, however, the winters and summers would be extreme to say the least. We could incorporate solar reflectors to keep dark side lit to counteract the cold and solar shades to keep the lit side cooler, but the sunlit side would still be very hot. Then again, the cloud cover on the lit side may become so thick as to block sunlight enough to have a livable environment (Wayan, 2004).

We could also carefully propel large asteroids from the asteroid belt past Venus at its equator, or into a permanent orbit, or a temporary repeating orbits, to help speed up the planets rotation. This would make the entire process much easier. As Venus begins to rotate faster, its magnetosphere will also increase reducing the problem of radiation. No matter how we look at it, terraforming Venus will be a complicated endeavor, with many unknown variables we have not thought of yet (Terraforming Venus, 2010).

Mars on the other hand would not be as complicated, compared to Venus, terraforming Mars would be a simple task. Its day is about the same as ours, the atmosphere is thin but there are raw materials are on the surface to make it denser, we know it has water, and with a bit more oxygen, and some heat, Mars would be on its way to becoming a green planet.

Despite the fact that Mars today is a cold, dry, and probably a lifeless planet, it has all the elements required to support life: water carbon, oxygen (as carbon dioxide), and nitrogen. The physical aspects of Mars, its gravity, rotation rate and axial tilt are close enough to those of Earth to be acceptable and it is not too far from the Sun to be made habitable.

Once significant regions of Mars rise above the freezing point of water on at least a seasonal basis, the large amounts of water frozen into the soil as permafrost would begin to melt, and eventually flow out into the dry riverbeds of Mars. Water vapor is also a very effective greenhouse gas, and since the vapor pressure of water on Mars would rise enormously under such circumstances, the reappearance of liquid water on the Martian surface would add to the avalanche of self accelerating effects all contributing towards the rapid warming of Mars. The seasonal availability of liquid water is also the key factor in allowing the establishment of natural ecosystems on the surface of Mars (Zubrin & McKay, 1993).

A combination of simple techniques can achieve this. Using the space elevators, we build a system of temporary solar reflectors to melt the frozen CO₂ at the southern pole. Then build greenhouse gas producing factories and other factories for profitable production, which will also produce green house gasses, such as chlorine, ammonia and methane, in a matter of several decades, using such an approach, Mars could be transformed from its current dry and frozen state into a warm and slightly moist planet capable of supporting life.

Humans could not breathe the air of this transformed Mars, but they would no longer require space suits, instead they could travel freely in the open, wearing ordinary clothes and a simple SCUBA type breathing gear. Because the outside atmospheric pressure will have been raised to tolerable levels, it will be possible to have large habitable areas for humans under huge domelike inflatable tents containing breathable air, simple hardy plants could thrive in the CO₂ rich environment, and spread rapidly across the planet’s surface. In the course of time, these plants would introduce oxygen into Mars’s atmosphere opening up the surface to advanced plants and increasing numbers of animal types.

As this happens, the CO₂ content of the atmosphere will be reduced, which would cause the planet to cool, artificial greenhouse gases would need to be introduced back into the atmosphere on a regular basis. This would be different from the initial introduction of greenhouse gasses, now the gases employed would have to be varieties lacking in chlorine, if an ozone layer is to be maintained. In conclusion, Venus will be a very long-term endeavor, about 1000 years, but is rich with resources we can use. Mars on the other hand could have a semi breathable atmosphere by 2100,

The deployment of space elevators on the Earth the Moon and Mars will give us almost unlimited access to space and the resources, once on mars the asteroid belt would become like California during the gold rush; the space elevator will become the high speed rail to the rest of our solar system (Boucher, M. ,2009)..

I do have a point to make about my main course study, (Criminal Justice). The ability to travel to the inner planets with little cost will create a demand for large numbers of laborers, mass mining of the asteroid belt and local moons will become a major industry, perhaps we could give future inmates a choice to go to prison or be a somewhat free man on an off world mining colony. Being in space opens up an entirely new realm of possibilities for rehabilitation, new technology would require education, there would also be large amounts of profit giving these volunteers high wages and a new start on life.

Terraforming is going to be the human races only hope to survive in the not so distant future. We need more raw materials than the earth can provide, we need more space to live. Even if terraforming only makes a planet survivable with domes or breathing gear, it will give us many new advancements in science, and usable resources to continue on to explore further options for the future and survival of the human race.

References

Zubrin, R. M., & McKay, C. P. (1993). Technological requirements for
terraforming Mars. Retrieved from Pioneer Astronautics, NASA Ames Research
Center website: http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/zubrin.htm

Terraforming Venus. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.terraformers.org/
Terraforming-Venus

Wayan, C. (2004). A terraformed Venus, one thousand years from now. In Venus
unvieled. Retrieved from World Dream Bank website:
http://www.worlddreambank.org/V/VENUS.HTM

Boucher, M. (2009). The space elevator reference. Retrieved from SpaceRef
Interactive Inc. website: http://www.spaceelevator.com/

The Beltway Sniper

John Allen Muhammad

The Beltway Sniper

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on December 6, 2010 for Clifford Williams,

J102 Section PAS-8H Criminology course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

 

 

 

John Allen Muhammad

The Beltway Sniper

 

John Allen Williams was born in Louisiana. An aunt in Baton Rouge raised him after his mother died when he was four. After high school, Williams married Carol Kaglear, They had a son named Lindbergh and he joined the Louisiana Army National Guard at first, his military career seemed promising. However, by the early 1980’s things started going wrong, he got into trouble once for failing to report for duty and another time for hitting an officer. In 1985, he separated from his first wife, and joined the U.S. Army. He was stationed in Washington State and later married Mildred Green. The couple had three children. The army seemed to be a good fit for Muhammad, at least for a time. He became a skilled marksman and served in Germany and the Middle East during the Gulf War (The Biography Channel, 1996-2010).

He changed his name to Muhammad after he converted to Islam in 1987 He belonged to Louis Farrakhan’s Nation of Islam, an angry, virulent strain of Islam. According to the Seattle Times, Muhammad openly expressed sympathy for the terrorists who committed the Sept. 11 atrocities. Farrakhan’s Nation of Islam’s called Judaism a “gutter religion,” referred to Adolf Hitler as a great man, and in a book called, “The Secret Relationship of Blacks and Jews,” Farrakhan exaggerates the role of Jews in slavery, while minimizing the substantial role of Arab slavers (Elder, 2002).

During his service in the Persian Gulf, he was accused of throwing a thermite grenade into a tent housing 16 of his fellow soldiers.” Muhammad admitted that he admired and modeled himself after Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda, and approved of the September 11 attacks. Muhammad left the military and tried to start a couple businesses but both failed; his second wife filed for divorce and was granted a restraining order due to Muhammad’s threats. Soon after he fled the country with his three children and ended up in Antigua, This is where Muhammad possibly met Malvo at Muhammad’s trial, the prosecutor claimed that the rampage was part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children. This idea was dismissed because he made no attempts on their lives, some thought it may have been his disappointing military career; however, he made no attacks on and military personnel or bases.

Muhammad did have some personal problems that only added to him going off the deep end. Two failed marriages, child custody battles, one wife obtained a permanent protective order against him, a possible brief imprisonment for a traffic violation, two courts-martial and possibly a unconfirmed dishonorable discharge from the military, as well as more than one failed business,. These are unfortunate circumstances. However, they are similar to problems thousands of other Americans go through during their lives without becoming serial killers. Something has to trigger this kind of action.

It wasn’t until he became caught up in the Islam religion that John Allen Muhammad’ developed an apparent mindset of anti-Americanism and religious intolerance. Muhammad openly expressed sympathy for terrorists. He possessed pro-Islamic literature and talked openly about committing violent acts in and against America. “Did Muhammad convert to Islam out of a sincere, spiritual conversion and awakening? Or, did he convert, as some do, to say, “Screw you,” to America, the West and to non-Muslims, thus providing a scapegoat for his failed life?” (Elder, 2002).  “Why would two Muslim men travel 3,000 miles to kill random people in the nation’s capital on the first anniversary of 9/11?” CNN investigated and found Islamic terror had nothing to do with it. How they could not see the obvious connection is beyond me.

Never the less jailhouse drawings of the younger sniper, Malvo, tell a different story.

One sketch of Osama bin Laden exalts him as a “Servant of Allah.” There was a self-portrait of him and Muhammad captioned, “We will kill them all. Jihad, Allah Akbar!”

A sketch of the burning Twin Towers has as its caption, “America did this. You were warned.”

A poem scribbled alongside an American flag and Star of David drawn in cross hairs reads, “Our minarets are our bayonets, our mosques are our barracks, and our believers are our soldiers.”

He quoted the Quran (Surah 2:190), “Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you and slay them wherever ye catch them.” In addition, “Islam is the only true guidance.”

He drew the White House in cross hairs, surrounded by missiles, with the warning: “We will ensure Sep. 11 will look like a picnic to you,” and “you will bleed to death little by little.”

Another warning reads, “Islam. We will resist. We will conquer. We will win.”

Somehow, CNN’s “special investigations unit” and most other media sources managed to overlook this evidence. CNN showed only one drawing, a self-portrait of Malvo shedding tears.

In addition, “Nowhere in a one-hour CNN special “The Minds of the D.C. Snipers” is Islamist brainwashing considered a factor behind their serial assassinations. Yet the evidence is overwhelming that they were on a jihad’. (Investor’s Business Daily, 2007).

In my opinion, the entire incident is a direct result of him converting to Islam, being brain washed by a Louis Farrakhan’s Nation of Islam terrorist religion. There were possible ties to the al-Fuqra network. Their tactics where classically terrorist in nature, The Beltway killings certainly complied with the pattern of previous al-Qaeda attacks, the beltway murders occurred four days after Ayman al-Zawahiri released a tape to warn of attacks that would help to bring about “the destruction of the American economy. Osama Bin Laden had threatened retribution for civilians killed in Afghanistan, during the same period. The random killings accomplished another major objective of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda, the killings served to spread fear and disrupt the normal flow of life.

Another factor to consider is what the source of money to carry out the attacks. Muhammad and Malvo had no money, they were living in homeless shelters according to the media, one of which reported their odd behavior but the information was ignored, never the less, somehow they were able to buy a 1990 Chevrolet Caprice’s and convert its trunk into a mobile sniper nest,  then acquire a Bushmaster XM-15 semiautomatic with a red-dot sight. If you add up the car, rifle and ammunition, we are talking approximately $5000 or more. In addition, they were also able to travel Washington State across the entire country, to Canada, the Caribbean, and cities throughout the country to meet with fellow jihadist, then finally Washington DC where they carried out the attacks, which adds thousands more. The source of funding for this endeavor is unknown, except for Muhammad’s possible ties to al Qaeda and visits to their training camps there can be no explanation for the large amounts of money required to carry out their plan. (Williams, 2009).

In 2002 Beltway sniper attacks, killed at least 10 people and wounded many more. Muhammad and Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24, 2002 when they were found sleeping in their car at a rest stop; Malvo described the murders as part of a “jihad”. If anyone were to blame, it would be the nation’s liberal, politically correct attitude towards the growing threat of terrorism that is growing right here in our own back yard. We cannot afford to drop our guard like this again.

References

Cable News Network. (2004, January 26). Muhammad a Gulf War vet, Islam convert.
Retrieved from Time Warner Company website: http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/
10/24/muhammad.profile/

Elder, L. A. (2002, October 31). John Allen Muhammad: Hating America. Retrieved
November 15, 2010, from WorldNetDaily website: http://www.wnd.com/news/
article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=29488

Investor’s Business Daily. (2007, October 17). Rehabbing the D.C. Snipers [Cover
up of the Islamic connection]. Retrieved from http://www.investors.com/
NewsAndAnalysis/Article.aspx?id=496385&Ntt=Rehabbing+The+D.C.+Snipers

The Biography Channel. (1996-2010). John Allen Muhammad Biography. Retrieved
November 15, 2010, from A&E Television Networks. website:
http://www.biography.com/articles/John-Allen-Muhammad-236029

Williams, P. L. (2009, September 9). Beltway snipers exposed as Muslim
terrorists. Retrieved from http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/
14830

 

Art

Analyzing Art

The World Trade Center a masterpiece of architectural design

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on November 3, 2009

for Humanities Course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

 

 

I have always found architectural art to be my favorite because in most cases it has both function and beauty. Built between 1970 and 1977, The World Trade Centers are an excellent example of this. Architect Minoru Yamasaki studied many designs, one of which called for one single tower. Yamasaki, whose past work incorporates an artistic aspect, as seen in the Dhahran Air Terminal, rejected this plan because it was too bulky and unattractive. Another plan was for several smaller towers that he compared to a modern housing project. His final choice was the twin tower design, consisting of two 110-story buildings containing nine million square feet of office space, and five smaller buildings, because of its light, economical and symbolic design.

The World Trade Center was one of the most striking American implementations of the architectural ethic of Le Corbusier, and it was the ultimate expression of Yamasaki’s gothic modernist tendencies. The external facade consists of aluminum and glass, but not in the traditional way. The windows are a mere 18 inches wide so that the occupants feel more secure, ironically, this concept came from Yamasaki’s fear of heights (Craven, 2009).

The impact the towers made on the New York skyline was awe-inspiring. Most people who have never seen the world trade center up close and simply considered them two very tall office buildings. A quote from Yamasaki himself gives a more accurate description of the true meaning behind the style of their construction.

“There are a few very influential architects who sincerely believe that all buildings must be ‘strong’. The word ‘strong’ in this context seems to suggest ‘powerful’ that is, each building should be a monument to the virility of our society. These architects look with disdain upon those who attempt to build a friendly, gentler kind of building. The basis for their belief is that our culture is derived primarily from Europe, and that most of the important traditional examples of European architecture are monumental, reflecting the need of the state, church , or the feudal families, the primary patrons of these buildings, to awe and impress the masses. This is incongruous today. Although it is inevitable for architects who admire these great monumental buildings of Europe to strive for the quality most evident in them, grandeur, the elements of mysticism and power, basic to cathedrals and palaces, are also incongruous today, because the buildings we build for our times are for a totally different purpose.” (Heyer, n.d).

In another quote, Yamasaki gave his thoughts on the artistic value of the Trade Center “I feel this way about it. World trade means world peace and consequently the World Trade Center buildings in New York had a bigger purpose than just to provide room for tenants. The World Trade Center is a living symbol of man’s dedication to world peace beyond the compelling need to make this a monument to world peace. The World Trade Center should, because of its importance, become a representation of man’s belief in humanity, his need for individual dignity, his beliefs in the cooperation of men, and through cooperation, his ability to find greatness.” (Craven, 2009).

My personal impression is that it seems to be derived from Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture, the grand columns and arches is a subtle alteration of these styles, the interior of the Trade Center makes this style much more obvious when you stand inside the main lobby (Martin, 1993). Even though the design carry’s itself to the exterior it is not as noticeable,  at night when viewed from the main entrance, the sphere sculpture in the main courtyard combined with columns are reminiscent of the Parthenon, Aqueducts and Coliseum of Ancient Roman Architecture.

The name of the complex itself “The World Trade Center” gives way to a form of practical art not many people know about. Below the seven buildings making up the Trade Center complex, where two levels covering 16 acres each, these levels combined made up a 32-acre shopping mall for the convenience of residence and enjoyment of visitors. The design of “The Mall at the World Trade Center” was essentially an underground figure eight, spanning most of the subterranean level beneath the Plaza.  At the edges of the figure eight, different spokes radiated out into the World Trade Center complex, onto the streets, or to the PATH station and Subway stations directly connected to the mall.  The decor was modern yet decidedly dated to maintain a traditional mall environment.  This mall did not need to sell shoppers with fanciness; they were going to shop there regardless. With an impressive roster of about 80 stores, The Mall was made up of many popular typical mall retailers including a movie theater.  The Mall also had service-oriented and convenience retailers and several fast food establishments. (Dumas & Schendal, 2006-2009).

Each of the main towers had other forms of art incorporated into them beyond architectural. The South Tower featured a public observation area called, Top of the World Trade Center Observatories, on its 107th floor where an estimated 80,000 visitors a day could view the city and see living art as the sun would set or rise over the city. The North Tower had a restaurant on its 106th and 107th floors called; Windows on the World, visitors could enjoy the culinary arts and wines from all over the world (“Architectural Design,” 2009). Over all the World Trade Center was a masterpiece in artistic and functional architectural design. The terrorist attacks of 9-11 did not just destroy an American landmark, but a work of art as well.

 

 

References

Architectural design. (2009). World trade center. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌World_Trade_Center#cite_note-22

Craven, J. (2009). The New York world trade center. Retrieved from http://architecture.about.com/‌od/‌worldtradecenter/‌ss/‌worldtrade_3.htm

Dumas, J., & Schendal, R. (2006-2009). The mall at the world trade center. Retrieved from http://www.labelscar.com/‌new-york/‌mall-at-world-trade-center

Heyer, P. (n.d.). Directions in america [Special section]. Architects on architecture.

Martin, L. A. (1993). World trade center [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.greatbuildings.com/‌cgi-bin/‌gbi.cgi/‌World_Trade_Center.html/‌cid_2747693.html

Yamasaki [Images]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.yamasakiinc.com/‌?navigation=projects&id=48&refreshed

 

 

Optimal Resume at RASMUSSEN COLLEGE

Optimal Resume at RASMUSSEN COLLEGE.

Changes in the laws governing drugs and alcohol

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in the laws governing drugs and alcohol

Paul Reuman

Rasmussen College

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author’s Note

This research is being submitted on November 4, 2010 for Judge Jerry Lee,

J125 Section PAS-6H Criminal Law and Procedures course at Rasmussen College,

by Paul Reuman.

  

            For the first one hundred years of this country’s history drugs were almost completely unregulated, one example In the 1890s the Sears & Roebuck catalogue, which was distributed to millions of Americans homes, offered a syringe and a small amount of cocaine for $1.50. The Bayer Aspirin corp. sold heroin in small bottles as a medicine. During most of the 18^th and 19^th century, it was a crime not to grow marijuana. Hemp fiber or stalks and Cannabis flowers where used as currency, you could even pay your taxes with hemp, it was that valuable as a commodity. 

            The main reasons laws were created to regulate drugs where that the “Moral Right” and wealthy politicians gained control of the government. For some reason during the 20^th century, common sense was abandon and ignorance took its place. The “Moral Right” used propaganda to play on fears of “drug-crazed, sex-mad negroes” and referred to Negroes under the influence of drugs murdering whites, degenerate Mexicans smoking marijuana, and “Chinamen” seducing white women with drugs. So religious fanatics could condemn drugs and alcohol as “Evil” and morally wrong

Whereas the wealthy politicians aim was to reduce the size of the hemp industry  largely as an effort of businessmen Andrew Mellon, Randolph Hearst, and the Du Pont family. With the invention of the decorticator, (a machine for stripping the skin, bark, or rind off nuts, wood, plant stalks, grain, etc., in preparation for further processing.) hemp became a very cheap substitute for the paper pulp used in the newspaper industry. Hearst felt that this was a threat to his extensive timber holdings. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury and the wealthiest man in America, had invested heavily in the Du Pont’s synthetic fiber, nylon, which was also being outcompeted by hemp (French & Manzanárez, 2004).

There has been strong opposition to our policies. The World Health Organization compares our war on drugs and anti drug legislation to the Salem witch trials that condemned so many innocent women to death as witches”. In addition, our actions to suppress the report were compared to the Discoverie of Witchcraft, a historical document published in 1584 to protest the rising tide of persecution of innocents by a superstitious clergy, a book condemned and burned by King James I of England.

The U.N has filed documents that show the extent to which the hardliners have gone to maintain the status quo The U.N accuses the U.S of using rhetoric, denial, manipulation, selective presentation, misrepresentation and suppression of evidence, selective use of experts, threats to funding, and purging “defeatists” from the UN system, to silence any opposition to our current drug policies. (Transnational Institute,2005)

 In other words, our policies on drug laws are no different from the organized crime protection racket policies of the 1920’s. You either agree with them or end up on the bottom of the river literally and figuratively speaking.

Dr. William Woodward, legislative counsel for the A.M.A. objected to the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 because the bill had been prepared in secret without giving proper time to prepare their opposition to the bill. He doubted their claims about marijuana addiction, violence, and over dosage; he further asserted that because the word Marijuana was largely unknown at the time, the medical profession did not realize they were losing cannabis. (Committee on Finance, 1937)

And yet several agencies have had millions if not billions of dollars invested in them to enforce laws that should not be on the books in the first place, first there was the Bureau of Prohibition was create to enforce the 18^th amendment, now we have the DEA which has gone way beyond their initial intent

 

References

A survey of illegal drugs. (2001, July 26). The Economist Newspaper , how did
     we get here? Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/706583

Committee on Finance, US Senate, 75c 2s. HR6906. Library of Congress transcript.

     July 12, 1937

French, L., & Manzanárez, M. (2004). Comparative criminal, human & social
     justice: NAFTA & neocolonialism (University Press of America, Trans.).
     Retrieved from http://books.google.com/
     books?id=4ozF1Yg-c4MC&pg=PA129&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false

Transnational Institute,(2005)

A worldwide fellowship of scholar activists United Nations Drug Control December 2005

http://www.tni.org/archives/drugscoca-docs_sixhorsemen

 

 

The hidden stress police officers deal with

 Police Stress the hidden enemy

Paul Reuman

J120/CJE1006 Section PAS-6H Policing in America

Rasmussen College

Judge Jerry Lee

August 7, 2010

 Police Stress is the hidden enemy to any police officer, it effects not only the individual but entire departments, police stress can cause a number of problems ranging from difficulty with relationships between management and co-workers to extremes such as suicide, “Law Enforcement work can be a killer, even if no one is shooting at you!” (Central Florida Police Stress Unit, 2009).           

Stress among Law Enforcement Officers can affect relationships ending in divorce. Almost five times more police officer marriages end in divorces than other marriages. Problems with alcohol, prescription drug abuse, and domestic violence are also common, normal sleeping patterns, eating habits, poor nutrition, can all be brought on by stress. In addition, officers are exposed to violent and life threatening circumstances, which can result in paranoia, fear, anger, and depression. In extreme cases, a police officer’s psychological defense mechanisms can become over whelmed, and as a last resort, some officers turn their handguns on themselves (Central Florida Police Stress Unit, 2009).

These are examples of internal or personal stresses most officers face, however there are external stresses police officers have to deal with that they have no control over, these external stresses can be just a devastating to an officers mental attitude as internal ones, although not usually so severe, external stresses seem to affect job performance more than personal life.

The aggravation of arresting the same person multiple times, while the courts put them right back on the streets to commit more crimes, the psychological effects, of taking another person’s life. Cases of “suicide by cop” where the gun is not real, working long and unusual hours, having to deal with dangerous individuals each day, the lack of respect given by the general population, worrying whether your actions could make you legally liable for circumstances gone wrong, all of these can contribute to external stress. Another factor is the military characteristics of law enforcement and the strict discipline, and in my opinion, the thing that adds the most stress to the job is, even when you are off duty you are still a police officer and consider yourself on duty 24 hours a day (Dempsey & Forst, 2011, p. 87-88).

 Luckily, Florida and many other states have originations like the “The Central Florida Police Stress Unit”, a nonprofit organization, which is not a part of any police department or law enforcement agency. “The Central Florida Police Stress Unit provides a confidential response for law enforcement officers with no outside interference from their respective department or agency” (Central Florida Police Stress Unit, 2009).

After looking at their web site, I was amazed at how much help this organization offers and the amount of information available for law enforcement officers, stress can be a dangerous enemy but Florida law enforcement officers have a powerful ally in the battle against it.

 

 

References

Central Florida Police Stress Unit. (2009). Central Florida Police Stress Unit
     [Stress related to the Law Enforcement profession]. Retrieved from Criminal
     Justice Office website: http://policestress.org/

Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2011). Police (L. Main, Ed., 2010-2011 ed.).
     Clinton Park, NY.: Delmar Cengage learning.

 

The Media What Jerks

 The effects of negative media on society today

Paul Reuman

Physiology

11/25/2009

 Does constant exposure to negative media affect the psychological well being of the population of the United States? My Theory is the constant bombardment of negative information may contribute to the increased violent behavior in teens and adults and the overall poor mental health of our society. Everything from not trusting our government to increased suicide rates could be effected. The safety of U.S citizens can even be compromised by not reporting some stories accurately or knowingly releasing vital information that the enemy can use against us during times of war.

Please keep in mind The following article is from a pro Palestinian news wire so the point of view may be slightly bias, however the content makes some great points on how the media is used to promote the views of certain organizations. Winning wars in the Information Age largely depends on winning the battle for public opinion. Thus the opinion-shaping role of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) That ADL intimidation campaign successfully chilled debate on campuses nationwide during several time-critical months while a new president, promising the hope of change, This ADL silencing strategy offers a microcosm of how the U.S. was induced to war in Iraq based on false intelligence. From the provocation of September 11, 2001 until the invasion of March 2003, war-planners ignored, dismissed or sought to silence anyone critical of the spurious premises offered for war. Only later did we discover that the intelligence was fixed around a preset agenda. Even now, Americans are unaware that the U.S.-led invasion had long been an Israeli goal. In the same way that public opinion was manipulated prior to an invasion that launched the Global War on Terrorism, this campaign sought to deny students the facts required to understand Israel’s role in provoking that terror.

Absent access to facts, how can the U.S. preserve a system of self-governance founded on the premise of informed consent? Without facts, how can national security be protected from those who “fix” intelligence in order to deploy the U.S. military for the interests of a foreign nation?

Unless those complicit are held accountable, how will American youth learn the essential role of free and open debate on topics of direct relevance to their lives?

In a representative system of government, the greatest threat to liberty is manipulation of the facts required for informed citizen participation. Anyone who cherishes freedom should be alarmed at the ongoing success of such manipulation and outraged that its common source traces to a purported ally.

Psychological warfare targets knowledge as a means to manipulate thought, opinion and emotion (the “hearts and minds”) and thereby influence behavior. At the center of such disinformation is the displacement of facts with false beliefs meant to prod decision-making toward a preset goal.

Thus the false reports of Iraqi WMD, Iraqi ties to Al Qaeda, Iraqi mobile biological weapons laboratories and so forth. Thus the high profile assault on a high-profile center of learning to silence a professor who threatened to replace manipulated beliefs with confirmed facts.

Where U.S. policies toward Israel are at stake, facts are routinely suppressed to shape debate. Such strategic deceit systematically undermines U.S. national security. Intimidation campaigns have long been a key tool for organized crime and for those whose undisclosed agenda can succeed only when shielded from public scrutiny. Those complicit in such “psy-ops” know their agenda could not prevail in an open debate. They also know that if their treachery is detected they face charges of treason, a capital crime. That’s why this form of treason instead targets knowledge to corrupt the facts required for informed choice. That focus denies those targeted a meaningful choice while leaving intact the appearance of open debate. Meanwhile the perpetrators seek refuge behind the very freedoms they undermine-freedom of speech, press, assembly and religion.

In this case, pro-Israeli operatives silenced on-campus criticism of Israel while Israel committed dozens of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Evidence of those crimes was depicted in the Internet-posted photo essay that the ADL attacked as “anti-Semitic.” What was the strategic result? That assault on Gaza marked yet another violent provocation guaranteed to catalyze a violent reaction (aka “terrorism”), adding plausibility to the narrative of “militant Islam.”

The results made the U.S. appear guilty by its association with this criminality. We then compounded our complicity by covering up the facts when the Congress, dominated by the Israel lobby, overwhelmingly approved a resolution portraying as “irredeemably biased” a chronicle of those war crimes in “The Goldstone Report,” a comprehensive account by an eminent Jewish jurist. [See How the Israel Lobby Took Control of U.S. Foreign Policy http://criminalstate.com/2009/07/how-the-israel-lobby-took-control-of-us-foreign-policy/]

The U.S. was doubly damaged. We not only discredited ourselves, we also endangered our national security by condoning criminality destined to provoke more violence directed at our troops.  When such psy-ops campaigns are detected, defenders of democracy must fight back by making the perpetrators transparent and their common motivation apparent. This is how Israel wages war on the U.S. from inside the U.S.- by deceiving us to wage its wars and by provoking others to hate us due to our alliance with religious extremists and their apartheid policies.

Duplicity has long been a weapon deployed to “wage war by way of deception.” That’s the operative motto of the Mossad, the intelligence and foreign operations branch of the Jewish nationalists who have dominated Israeli politics since a Christian-Zionist president erred in 1948 by recognizing as a legitimate “state” this enclave of Jewish extremists and ultra-nationalists.

Israel specializes in what the Pentagon calls unconventional warfare. Such warfare is only “unconventional” for the targeted population (us). For militant Zionists, this is how war is waged. When your numbers are few and your ambitions vast, deceit becomes an essential force-multiplier.

In the Information Age, why would anyone expect war to be waged in any way other than by deception? Where else but in plain sight could such warfare be waged?

For freedom to prevail against such psy-ops requires a shift in strategic focus. A robust defense would make this manipulation transparent in real time before deception can work its intended impact on public opinion.

The dominance of pro-Israelis in mainstream media complicates that task. Media complicity was essential to succeed in the deceit that took the U.S. to war and that now seeks to obscure Israeli war crimes. Other than religious fanatics, who would deny Americans-including college students-the facts required to make informed choices on an issue as critical as taking the U.S. to war in the Middle East?

Other than pro-Israeli publishers and broadcast media owners, who would have the motivation to report as “facts” the phony intelligence that was fixed around Israeli goals?

If not Israel and its Zionist advocates-both Christians and Jews-who would have the means, motive, opportunity and, importantly, the stable nation state intelligence required to corrupt the intelligence that took the U.S. to war? Or to silence academic critics just when those who induced the invasion of Iraq intensified their efforts to expand this war to Iran and now Pakistan?    If the behavior described is not treason, what is? If this is treason, why have those complicit not been charged? Is Professor Ettenberg still employed by the university? If so, why? Have rabbis Gross-Schaefer and Heir been dismissed from their positions of influence? If not, why not?

Why hasn’t the ADL’s Abe Foxman been indicted? Did he confer with the Yudoffs during this silencing campaign? Has a federal grand jury been impaneled to consider charges of treason? Foxman was invited to the White House for the October 28th signing of the ADL’s “model hate crimes” bill.

Will that federal legislation now be deployed to lawfully intimidate critics? Have mainstream publishers and media owners been investigated for their complicity in this national scale fraud on public opinion? If not, why not?

Is the Federal Communications Commission moving to revoke the broadcast licenses of those who used the public airwaves to deceive the public? If not, why not? Are news reports correct that an investment firm run by Richard Blum made more than $100 million on the rising value of its stock in a top defense contractor? Did his firm also invest in media outlets that sold us this war?

In an irony of epic proportions, ADL’s amendment to federal hate crimes law was tacked onto an appropriations bill for the Department of Defense. Will the ADL now seek to portray as “anti-Semitic” those who document for a long-deceived military the common source of the psy-ops that took U.S. forces to war in the Middle East?

Will those who repeat the Joint Chiefs’ warning about religious fanatics be targeted for federal prosecution? Will allegations of hate be deployed to silence debate? Is treason now lawful? (Rizzo & Gates, 2009).

The role of the media in the creation of distrust is much debated in political communication. Will negative news, e.g. relentless attacks on political authorities; result in political cynicism or in a stimulation effect?

By and large the media may stimulate political participation, but it is less clear when negative news will excavate this effect. Negative news may not only have short term behavioral effects, but also effects on underlying attitudes such as trust in politicians, which may produce their ‘sleeper effect’ on political behavior only in the long run.

The 2002 Dutch election campaign, being an unprecedented negative campaign as compared to other Dutch campaigns, provides a good case to investigate these questions. On the basis of a bi-weekly seven-wave panel survey study and a daily content analysis of television news and newspapers, negative news was found to have a significant effect on trust in party leaders (Kleinnijenhuis, J.  van Hoof, A. M. and Oegema, D. , 2006-06-16).

During the Walisongo Massacre in Indonesia, Christians went to a town, raped women and killed men. They then went to an Islamic boarding school and petrol bombed it, killing 100 Muslim children. This received no media coverage, yet three years later, three Christian girls were beheaded and it was front page news, Walisongo was still not mentioned even though a note left by the bee headers mentioned it(Independent news coverage. (2009, September 28).

I have seen examples of this myself, that “the religious right “have almost exclusive control of what stories make it to the front page or are seen on the evening news. Crimes committed by religious leaders are usually completely ignored or covered up, they preach to us what is right and wrong yet don’t take responsibility for their own actions, and this could be Why Hypocrisy so prevalent in today’s society.

Several studies have discovered that there are a number of negative effects associated with media. Some researchers have gone as far as to say that, “Media insinuate themselves into people’s homes and lives and steal the innocence, empathy, and sensitivity of their children (Orange and George 2000). This might not be the case with all types of media, but the negative effects are still note worthy. We all know there are injustices in the world today, yet the media  brushes any story under the rug that doesn’t fit their agenda or the agenda of their sponsors; They advertise they are there to tell the truth but hypocritically only the truth they want to tell or are permitted to.

               Consider the fact that only six corporations own the majority of all media in the united states. This information is from 2004 and since then Clear Channel Communications has even more influence today.  

            Clear Channel Communications owns Outdoor Advertising, Katz Media Group, Premiere Radio Network, New Music Network, and SFX Sports Group.

Clear Channel owns and operates 39 television stations in the United States with more than one television station in Eugene, OR, Harrisburg, PA, Jacksonville, FL, Little Rock, AR, Memphis, TN, Mobile, AL, Monterey, CA, San Antonio, TX, Tulsa, OK, Wichita, KS.

Clear Channel leads in radio broadcast station ownership with 1,207 stations reaching 201 out of 287 markets in the United States.

Cox Communications is best known for its cable, internet services, and telephony services. Cox also owns Val-Pak, 74 radio stations, 9 Television stations, and 43 newspapers in the United States.

At present, Cumulus Media Inc. is only invested in radio stations, reaching nearly 70 of 287 possible markets on 250 stations in the United States.

Disney is an example of media expansion. Founded first as movie production and theme park company, Disney now publishes books, magazines, and financial and medical services information. Disney owns ABC network with 10 television stations and 66 radio stations in the United States. Partnering with Hearst Corporation and General Electric (GE,) Disney invests in 12 cable stations, 13 broadcast channels outside the USA, and Disney is part owner of German, French, Spanish, Scandinavian, and Japanese television stations.

Disney owns film companies; Buena Vista, Touchstone, Walt Disney, Hollywood Pictures, Caravan Pictures, Miramax Films.

Disney is a financial partner with Sid R. Bass in crude petroleum and natural gas production. Along with its own internet portal, Disney owns ABC.com, Oscar.com, Mr. Showbiz, all Disney related sites, Family.com, ESPN.com, NBA.com, NASCAR.com, and toysmart.com. Interactive games and music for Disney come through Buena Vista Music Group, Hollywood Records, Lyric Street Records, Mammoth Records, and Walt Disney Records.

Disney also owns Anaheim Sports Inc. and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim; 15 resorts and theme parks, and is a partial investor with TiVo.

Emmis Communications Group currently owns and operates 23 radio stations in the United States and owns monthly magazines including the Atlanta, and Texas Monthly publications.

Entercom Communications currently own and operate 91 radio stations in the United States.

Gannett owns USA Today, USA Weekend, USA Today Sports Weekly, and the USA Today Information Network. Gannett owns 100 daily newspapers in the USA; the Army Times, Navy Times, Navy Times Marine Corps, Air Force Times, Federal Times, Defense Times, and Military Market. Gannett also owns: 16 newspapers in the United Kingdom 16 television stations in the USA Partial interests in the Cincinnati Reds, Classified Ventures Com LLC, (with competitors Knight Ridder, the New York Times Company, Times Mirror, Washington Post Co., and Tribune Co.) Quarter share in Brass Ring Inc. (Human Resources services and software)

Gannett partners with General Electric (GE) on Space.com and with Knight Ridder and Tribune Media on CareerBuilder.com

General Electric holds 80 percent share of NBC Universal with 14 television centers (9 of which are in the top 10 market share) and 14 Spanish language television stations, (8 of which are in the top 10 market share)

In Broadcast: GE owns CNBC, MSNBC, Bravo, Mun2TV, Sci-Fi channel, Trio, and USA network. In Film: Universal Pictures In Retail: Universal Studios — parks and resorts  In Partnership: Paxson Communications (1/3 interest) In Commerce: GE builds aircraft engines, finances commercial investments, manufactures consumer products and industrial systems, as well as sells insurance, medical systems, plastics, power supplies, and transportation monitoring systems.

News Corp. owns FOX Broadcasting Company, 34 television stations (8 cover the USA’s most populous cities) 29 alternative broadcast channels, mostly under the name of “FOX Sports.”

In Film: 20th Century FOX Studios, FOX Searchlight Pictures, FOX Television Studios

In Print: One newspaper in the USA, 5 newspapers in the United Kingdom, 20 newspapers in Australia, all of HarperCollins Publishing companies (23 in all) HarperCollins Children’s Book Group (6 in all) In Sports: Los Angeles Dodgers, National Rugby League, (partial owners) of New York Rangers and New York Knicks, Los Angeles Kings and Los Angeles Lakers

In Music and Media: News America New Media, Broadsystem, Festival Records, Mushroom Records, NDS, News Interactive, News Outdoor, Nursery World, Staples Center

Time Warner Inc. owns all Time Life Book companies (27 in all)

On Cable: HBO, CNN (8 CNN networks), Court TV, Time Warner Cable services, Road Runner interactive services, New York 1, Kablevision (Hungary) On Film and Television: Warner Bros. (studios, film production and distribution,) WB Television Network, Hanna Barbara Cartoons, Telepictures Production, Witt – Thomas Productions, Castle Rock Entertainment, Warner Home Video, Warner Bros pay TV, Warner Bros Theaters, TBS Superstation, Turner Network Television, Turner South, Cartoon Network (3 channels), Turner Classic Movies, TNT, New Line Cinema, Fine Line Features, Turner Original Productions. In Print: Time Magazine (8 publications,) Fortune, Life, Sports Illustrated (3 magazines,) People (4 publications,) Entertainment Weekly (2 publications,) and 58 additional monthly or weekly publications. In Music: Time Warner Music, Atlantic Records, Rhino, Elektra, and 49 other music production companies. In Partnership: Joint ventures with Sony on Columbia House marketing, Music Sound Exchange, Viva, Channel V, Heartland Music, Online: CompuServe Interactive, AOL and subsidiaries, The Knot Inc, MapQuest.com, Spinner.com, Win amp, DrKoop.com, Legend. In Sports: Atlanta Braves In Retail: MovieFone, iAmaze, (partial) Amazon.com, Quack.com

Viacom owns: CBS — and 16 television stations (6 of which are in the top 10 market shares)  UPN 18 television stations, 5 additional television stations, On Cable: MTV, Nickelodeon, BET, Nick at Night, TV Land, VH1, Spike TV, Comedy Central, CMT, Showtime, The Movie Channel, Flix, Sundance Channel Owns King World Productions

On Radio: Infinity Broadcasting, with 176 radio stations and Westwood One

On Film: Paramount Pictures In Print: Simon & Schuster (8 publishing companies) In Retail: Owns Blockbuster video, Paramount Parks, Famous Players Theater, United Cinemas International, Famous Music (“Six Companies Dominate,” 2004).

When you consider the above information our news is controlled by CEO’s, media lobbyists and corporate stock holders. This may be why Politicians Celebrities and the very wealthy seem to always be able to rally the Media in their favor, with their help the results can be as extreme as actually getting away with murder.

Political correctness and liberalism although not necessarily negative can have negative effects the following article is a good example of the media siding with the criminal and not the victims

“Tragedy at Ft Hood” Lieutenant Colonel Allen B West (US Army, Ret) “On Thursday, 5 November 2009 13 American Soldiers were killed and another 30 wounded at a horrific mass shooting at US Army installation, Ft Hood Texas. As I watched in horror and then anger I recalled my two years of final service in the Army as a Battalion Commander at Ft Hood, 2002-2004.  My wife and two daughters were stunned at the incident having lived on the post in family housing.  A military installation, whether it is Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine, or Coast Guard, is supposed to be a safe sanctuary for our Warriors and their families. It is intended to provide a home whereby our “Band of Brothers and Sisters” can find solace and bond beyond just the foxhole but as family units.  

A military installation is supposed to be a place where our Warriors train for war, to serve and protect our Nation…  On Thursday, 5 November 2009 Ft Hood became a part of the battlefield in the war against Islamic totalitarianism and state sponsored terrorism.  There may be those who feel threatened by my words and would even recommend they not be uttered. To those individuals I say step aside because now is not the time for cowardice. Our Country has become so paralyzed by political correctness that we have allowed a vile and determined enemy to breach what should be the safest place in America, an Army post.  

We have become so politically correct that our media is more concerned about the stress of the shooter, Major Nidal Malik Hasan. The misplaced benevolence intending to portray him as a victim is despicable. The fact that there are some who have now created an entire new classification called; “pre-virtual vicarious Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)” is unconscionable.  This is not a “man caused disaster”. It is what it is, an Islamic jihadist attack.  We have seen this before in 2003 when a SGT Hasan of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) threw hand grenades and opened fire into his Commanding Officer’s tent in Kuwait. We have seen the foiled attempt of Albanian Muslims who sought to attack Ft Dix, NJ. Recently we saw a young convert to Islam named Carlos Bledsoe travel to Yemen, receive terrorist training, and return to gun down two US Soldiers at a Little Rock, Arkansas Army recruiting station. We thwarted another Islamic terrorist plot in North Carolina which had US Marine Corps Base, Quantico as a target.  What have we done with all these prevalent trends? Not one thing.

What we see are recalcitrant leaders who are refusing to confront the issue, Islamic terrorist infiltration into America, and possibly further into our Armed Services. Instead we have a multiculturalism and diversity syndrome on steroids.  Major Hasan should have never been transferred to Ft Hood, matter of fact he should have been Chaptered from the Army. His previous statements, poor evaluation reports, and the fact that the FBI had him under investigation for jihadist website posting should have been proof positive.  However, what we have is a typical liberal approach to find a victim, not the 13 and 30 Soldiers and Civilian, but rather the poor shooter. A shooter who we are told was a great American, who loved the Army and serving his Nation and the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR) stating that his actions had nothing to do with religious belief.

 We know that Major Hasan deliberately planned this episode; he did give away his possessions. He stood atop a table in the confined space of the Soldier Readiness Center shouting “Allahu Akhbar”, same chant as the 9-11 terrorists and those we fight against overseas in the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters of operation.  No one in leadership seems willing to sound the alarm for the American people; they are therefore complicit in any future attacks.

 Our Congress should suspend the insidious action to vote on a preposterous and unconstitutional healthcare bill and resolve the issue of “protecting the American people”.  The recent incidents in Dearborn Michigan, Boston Massachusetts, Dallas Texas, and Chicago Illinois should bear witness to the fact that we have an Islamic terrorism issue in America. And don’t have CAIR call me and try to issue a vanilla press statement; they are an illegitimate terrorist associated organization which should be disbanded.  We have Saudi Arabia funding close to 80% of the mosques in the United States, one right here in South Florida, Pompano Beach. Are we building churches and synagogues in Saudi Arabia? Are “Kaffirs” and “Infidels” allowed travel to Mecca?  There is no peaceful coexistence. 

Saudi Arabia is sponsoring radical Imams who enter into our prisons and convert young men into a virulent Wahabbist ideology, one resulting in four individuals wanting to destroy synagogues in New York with plastic explosives. Thank God the explosives were dummy’s. They are sponsoring textbooks which present Islamic centric revisionist history in our schools.  We must recognize that there is an urgent need to separate the Theo-political radical Islamic ideology out of our American society. We must begin to demand surveillance of suspected Imams and mosques that are spreading hate and preaching the overthrow of our Constitutional Republic that speech is not protected under First Amendment, it is sedition and if done by an American treason.  

There should not be some 30 Islamic terrorist training camps in America that has nothing to do with First Amendment, Freedom of Religion. The Saudis are not our friends and any American political figure who believes such is delusional.  When tolerance becomes a one way street it certainly leads to cultural suicide. We are on that street.

Liberals cannot be trusted to defend our Republic, because their sympathies obviously lie with their perceived victim, Major Nidal Malik Hasan.  I make no apologies for these words, and anyone angered by them, please, go to Ft Hood and look into the eyes of the real victims. The tragedy at Ft Hood Texas did not have to happen. Consider now the feelings of those there and on every military installation in the world. Consider the feelings of the Warriors deployed into combat zones who now are concerned that their loved ones at home are in a combat zone. Ft Hood suffered an Islamic jihadist attack, stop the denial, and realize a simple point. The reality of your enemy must become your own.”(West, 2009).

Does constant exposure to negative and bias media affect the psychological well being of the world’s population? Yes. The media does seem to be controlling the thoughts of our children and attempting to brain wash the adults into a society of non thinking, depressed, vegetables, which depend on them for what they should think.

The Freedom of speech is a constitutional right and should never be sacrificed but the abuse of the freedom of speech for treasonous acts or psyological warfare purposes should be controlled and the offenders held accountable. We the people are no longer in control of our country or are the government. We are now a people of the media for the media and by the media.

 

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